
"The Most Trusted
Name in Online Divorce"
Exclusive
Online Divorce Partner
Best
Online Divorce Service
ADVISOR
We offer an online guided path through divorce that helps couples avoid unnecessary conflict and costs.

"The Most Trusted
Name in Online Divorce"
Exclusive
Online Divorce Partner
Best
Online Divorce Service
ADVISOR
We offer an online guided path through divorce that helps couples avoid unnecessary conflict and costs.
Written By:
How Much Does Divorce Cost in Cedar Rapids, IA? The Real Numbers
You're sitting in your car outside Target on Edgewood Road trying to figure out if you can actually afford to get divorced. Maybe you've got $5,000 in savings and you're hoping that's enough. Or maybe you don't have $5,000 and you're panicking about how you're even going to do this at all.
I know. The money part is terrifying when everything else in your life is already falling apart.
Here's what I'm going to do: I'm going to give you actual numbers for what divorce costs in Cedar Rapids. Not vague lawyer-speak about "it depends." Real costs. When it's cheap. When it's not. What's going to drain your bank account and what won't.
Because the worst thing about divorce costs isn't that it's expensive—it's that nobody tells you the real numbers until you're already knee-deep in it and the bills keep piling up.
The Short Answer (If You're In a Hurry)
Uncontested divorce in Cedar Rapids where you both agree on everything: $400-$1,500 if you do it yourself or use Divorce.com.
With a lawyer even though you agree: $2,500-$8,000.
Contested divorce where you're fighting about stuff: $8,000-$30,000 per person. Yeah, per person means you're both paying your own lawyers.
High-conflict divorce with custody battles: $35,000-$80,000+ per person.
Most Cedar Rapids divorces end up somewhere in the $5,000-$20,000 range per person. That's reality.
The Court Filing Fee (Everyone Pays This)
The filing fee for divorce in Linn County is $185. That's what you pay just to file the paperwork at the Linn County Courthouse.
Can't get around it. Uncontested, contested, high-conflict—everyone pays this.
If you literally cannot afford $185, you can file an Application to Waive Filing Fees. You fill out a financial affidavit showing your income and expenses. If you're on FIP (Family Investment Program), Medicaid, food stamps, or your income is below certain levels, the court waives the fee.
A lot of people don't know about fee waivers. They just assume they can't afford to file. If $185 is the difference between filing or not, look into the waiver. Don't just not file because of it.
DIY Divorce Costs (When You Do Everything Yourself)
If you and your spouse agree on absolutely everything—and I mean everything, not "we mostly agree"—you can file for divorce yourself.
What it costs:
Filing fee: $185
Process server: $40-$80 (or free if a friend does it)
Copies and notary fees: $15-$40
Total: $240-$305
That's it. If you're capable of figuring out the Iowa divorce forms yourself, that's all you pay.
The problem? Iowa divorce forms are complicated. There's a bunch of different forms. They're written in legal language that makes your brain hurt. One mistake and the court rejects them and you start over.
A lot of people start trying to do it themselves, get frustrated after a couple weeks of trying to figure out what a "property settlement agreement" needs to include, and end up hiring a lawyer anyway. Now they've wasted two weeks and they're paying the lawyer to fix the forms they already messed up.
Using Divorce.com (The Middle Ground)
This is what Divorce.com is for. You pay a flat fee—$500-$800 depending on which package you pick. They walk you through the Iowa forms in plain English. They make sure everything's filled out right. They tell you where to file and how to serve your spouse.
Total cost with Divorce.com:
Divorce.com fee: $500-$800
Court filing fee: $185
Process server: $40-$80
Total: $725-$1,065
Way cheaper than a lawyer. Way less frustrating than trying to figure it out yourself at midnight.
The catch? You and your spouse have to actually agree on everything. Property division. Debt. If you have kids, custody and support. All of it. Divorce.com isn't going to help you negotiate or fight. It's help with paperwork for people who've already worked everything out.
If you're fighting about who gets the house in Marion or what the custody schedule should be, Divorce.com won't work. You need a lawyer or at least a mediator.
Lawyer Costs in Cedar Rapids (When You Need Professional Help)
Cedar Rapids divorce lawyers charge $200-$350 per hour. Downtown lawyers near the courthouse are usually $275-$350. Northeast or southwest side lawyers might be $200-$300.
You don't just pay the hourly rate. You pay a retainer upfront—usually $2,500-$7,500. That's money they put in a trust account and bill against.
Every single thing your lawyer does gets billed to that retainer:
Reading your emails: 15 minutes minimum ($50-$90 per email)
Phone calls: 15 minutes minimum ($50-$90 per call even if it's 5 minutes)
Court appearances: 4-5 hours including prep and travel time ($800-$1,750 per hearing)
Reviewing documents: $200-$350 per hour
Negotiations with other lawyer: $200-$350 per hour
The retainer runs out way faster than you think. Then you get a letter saying deposit more money or they stop working.
Uncontested Divorce With a Lawyer
If you agree on everything but you still hire a lawyer to handle it: $2,500-$8,000 total.
This is honestly wasteful if you actually agree. You're paying someone $300 an hour to file paperwork. But some people want the peace of mind or they're scared of messing up the forms.
Contested Divorce (Fighting About Stuff)
This is where most Cedar Rapids divorces end up. You agree on most things but you're fighting about the house, custody schedule, alimony, or how to divide property.
Cost: $8,000-$30,000 per person
Here's what you're paying for:
Initial retainer and ongoing fees: $3,500-$12,000
Discovery (requesting financial documents, depositions): $2,000-$8,000
Court hearings and motions: $1,500-$6,000
Trial preparation if it goes that far: $3,000-$12,000
Expert witnesses if needed (appraisers, custody evaluators): $2,000-$8,000
Every time your spouse's lawyer sends a letter, your lawyer responds. That's billing. Every time there's a disagreement that requires a court filing, that's billing. It adds up fast.
High-Conflict Divorce (Full Battle Mode)
Major custody fight. One spouse hiding assets. Multiple court appearances. Going to trial.
Cost: $35,000-$80,000+ per person
I'm not exaggerating. I know people in Cedar Rapids who spent over $60,000 on their divorce.
At this level you're paying for:
Extensive discovery and depositions: $8,000-$20,000
Multiple court appearances: $4,000-$15,000
Private investigators if needed: $2,000-$6,000
Custody evaluators: $4,000-$12,000
Expert witnesses (forensic accountants, property appraisers): $6,000-$20,000
Trial preparation and trial: $15,000-$35,000+
Going to trial is where costs explode. Your lawyer bills for every hour of prep. Every day in court. At $300-$350 an hour, that's devastating.
Mediation Costs (The Cheaper Alternative)
Mediation is where you and your spouse sit with a neutral mediator who helps you work through disagreements.
Mediators in Cedar Rapids charge $150-$300 per hour. You split the cost. So you're each paying $75-$150 per hour.
Most divorces take 4-6 mediation sessions to work through everything. Call it 12-18 hours total.
Total mediation cost: $1,800-$5,400 split between you
So you're each paying $900-$2,700 for mediation.
Then you still need to file the paperwork. You can do it yourself, use Divorce.com, or hire a lawyer just to file what you agreed to in mediation.
Total cost per person with mediation:
Mediation: $900-$2,700
Filing the paperwork: $400-$1,500
Total: $1,300-$4,200 per person
Way cheaper than fighting with lawyers. But mediation only works if both people actually want to reach an agreement.
What Makes Cedar Rapids Divorces Expensive
Kids and custody. If you can't agree on custody, costs skyrocket. Custody evaluators in Linn County run $4,000-$12,000. Fighting over custody in court can go on for years.
Real estate. If you own a house in Marion, Hiawatha, or one of the Cedar Rapids neighborhoods, figuring out how to divide it gets complicated.
Business ownership. Cedar Rapids has a lot of small business owners. Valuing and dividing a business requires forensic accountants. That's $4,000-$12,000 right there.
Retirement accounts. 401ks, pensions, especially if one spouse worked at Rockwell Collins or another big Cedar Rapids employer—these need special court orders (QDROs) to divide without tax penalties.
Hidden assets. If you think your spouse is hiding money, your lawyer has to do discovery. Subpoena records. This costs thousands.
Alimony fights. Iowa calls it alimony, not spousal support or maintenance. If there's a big income gap, alimony becomes a battle.
Bad lawyers. Some lawyers love to fight because fighting means billing hours.
Your spouse being difficult. If your spouse wants to fight about everything because they're angry, you're stuck paying your lawyer to respond to every motion.
Real Cedar Rapids Examples
Mike and Sarah (not real names): Married 6 years. No kids. Rented in Marion. Some savings. Agreed on everything. Used Divorce.com. Total per person: $542.50 ($500 Divorce.com, $92.50 filing fee each).
Tom and Lisa: Married 10 years. Two kids. Owned a house in Hiawatha. Both worked, similar incomes. Couldn't agree on custody schedule. Did mediation—five sessions. Worked it out. Both hired lawyers just to finalize. Each spent about $6,000 ($1,600 mediation, $4,400 lawyers).
David and Jennifer: Married 15 years. Three kids. David owned a business. Jennifer stayed home. Fought over custody, alimony, business value, everything. Went to trial. David spent $58,000. Jennifer spent $47,000. They spent more on lawyers than the business was worth.
Can You Get a "Cheap" Divorce in Cedar Rapids?
Depends what you mean by cheap.
If you both agree on everything and do it yourself: $240-$305 total. That's cheap.
If you both agree and use Divorce.com: $725-$1,065 total. Still cheap.
If you need lawyers because you can't agree: No, it's not going to be cheap. Plan on $8k-$20k per person for a contested divorce in Cedar Rapids.
How to Keep Costs Down
Agree on as much as possible before lawyers get involved.
Don't email your lawyer constantly. They bill for every email.
Organize documents yourself. Don't pay your lawyer $300/hour to sort bank statements.
Pick your battles. Is it worth $1,500 to fight over the $300 item?
Respond quickly to requests.
Try mediation first.
Be honest about your budget.
When Cost Doesn't Matter (You Need to Pay It)
Sometimes you don't have a choice.
If your spouse is hiding assets, spending $10k on a lawyer who finds it might save you $50k.
If your spouse is fighting you for custody and lying, you need a good lawyer. Your kids are worth it.
If you have a business worth six figures, you need a lawyer who knows business valuation.
If there's domestic violence, you need a lawyer now.
Don't cheap out when it matters.
The Bottom Line
Most people in Cedar Rapids can get divorced for $725-$1,065 if they actually agree and use Divorce.com.
Most people end up spending $5,000-$20,000 per person because they can't agree on everything.
Some people spend $35,000-$80,000+ because they're in full battle mode.
The biggest factor is whether you fight or agree. Everything else is details.
You'll figure it out. Everyone does.
Real Answers. Real Support.
We're here to guide you through every step of divorce — whether you're just starting to explore your options or ready to take the next step. Our blog offers expert insights, practical tips, and real-life stories to help you move forward with clarity and confidence.
Real Answers. Real Support.
We're here to guide you through every step of divorce — whether you're just starting to explore your options or ready to take the next step. Our blog offers expert insights, practical tips, and real-life stories to help you move forward with clarity and confidence.
Upfront pricing at a fraction of the cost of traditional divorce
Divorce doesn’t have to cost as much as a car.
Upfront pricing at a fraction of the cost of traditional divorce
Divorce doesn’t have to cost as much as a car.
Our Services
Paperwork Only
Basic access to divorce paperwork where you handle the rigorous filing process with the court.
POPULAR
We File For You
Our most popular package includes a dedicated case manager, automated court filing, spouse signature collection, and personalized documentation.

Fully Guided
Complete divorce support including mediation sessions, dedicated case management, court filing, and personalized documentation.
Our Services
Paperwork Only
Basic access to divorce paperwork where you handle the rigorous filing process with the court.
POPULAR
We File For You
Our most popular package includes a dedicated case manager, automated court filing, spouse signature collection, and personalized documentation.

Fully Guided
Complete divorce support including mediation sessions, dedicated case management, court filing, and personalized documentation.
We've helped with
over 1 million divorces
We provide everything you need to get divorced — from conflict resolution to filing support and access to divorce experts — in one comprehensive, convenient online platform.
The team at divorce.com was responsive and helpful during a difficult process. I would highly recommend the site for uncomplicated, amicable divorces!!
Jen B.
I came across this online. So I checked on it. It was easy and affordable. I wish I would have found this years ago.
Brandy D.
I was able to read it easily. Thanks God for this service. I will recommend it to anyone who asks this is a very easy step to do. I love it please try it you won't be disappointed
Dianna R.
Great customer service. Questions were easy to answer and had descriptions to understand the questions.
Andelain R.
Proudly featured in these publications
We've helped with
over 1 million divorces
We provide everything you need to get divorced — from conflict resolution to filing support and access to divorce experts — in one comprehensive, convenient online platform.
The team at divorce.com was responsive and helpful during a difficult process. I would highly recommend the site for uncomplicated, amicable divorces!!
Jen B.
I came across this online. So I checked on it. It was easy and affordable. I wish I would have found this years ago.
Brandy D.
I was able to read it easily. Thanks God for this service. I will recommend it to anyone who asks this is a very easy step to do. I love it please try it you won't be disappointed
Dianna R.
Great customer service. Questions were easy to answer and had descriptions to understand the questions.
Andelain R.
Proudly featured in these publications

"The Most Trusted
Name in Online Divorce"
Exclusive
Online Divorce Partner
Best
Online Divorce Service
ADVISOR
We offer a guided path through divorce that helps avoid unnecessary conflict and costs.
How Much Does Divorce Cost in Cedar Rapids, IA? The Real Numbers
You're sitting in your car outside Target on Edgewood Road trying to figure out if you can actually afford to get divorced. Maybe you've got $5,000 in savings and you're hoping that's enough. Or maybe you don't have $5,000 and you're panicking about how you're even going to do this at all.
I know. The money part is terrifying when everything else in your life is already falling apart.
Here's what I'm going to do: I'm going to give you actual numbers for what divorce costs in Cedar Rapids. Not vague lawyer-speak about "it depends." Real costs. When it's cheap. When it's not. What's going to drain your bank account and what won't.
Because the worst thing about divorce costs isn't that it's expensive—it's that nobody tells you the real numbers until you're already knee-deep in it and the bills keep piling up.
The Short Answer (If You're In a Hurry)
Uncontested divorce in Cedar Rapids where you both agree on everything: $400-$1,500 if you do it yourself or use Divorce.com.
With a lawyer even though you agree: $2,500-$8,000.
Contested divorce where you're fighting about stuff: $8,000-$30,000 per person. Yeah, per person means you're both paying your own lawyers.
High-conflict divorce with custody battles: $35,000-$80,000+ per person.
Most Cedar Rapids divorces end up somewhere in the $5,000-$20,000 range per person. That's reality.
The Court Filing Fee (Everyone Pays This)
The filing fee for divorce in Linn County is $185. That's what you pay just to file the paperwork at the Linn County Courthouse.
Can't get around it. Uncontested, contested, high-conflict—everyone pays this.
If you literally cannot afford $185, you can file an Application to Waive Filing Fees. You fill out a financial affidavit showing your income and expenses. If you're on FIP (Family Investment Program), Medicaid, food stamps, or your income is below certain levels, the court waives the fee.
A lot of people don't know about fee waivers. They just assume they can't afford to file. If $185 is the difference between filing or not, look into the waiver. Don't just not file because of it.
DIY Divorce Costs (When You Do Everything Yourself)
If you and your spouse agree on absolutely everything—and I mean everything, not "we mostly agree"—you can file for divorce yourself.
What it costs:
Filing fee: $185
Process server: $40-$80 (or free if a friend does it)
Copies and notary fees: $15-$40
Total: $240-$305
That's it. If you're capable of figuring out the Iowa divorce forms yourself, that's all you pay.
The problem? Iowa divorce forms are complicated. There's a bunch of different forms. They're written in legal language that makes your brain hurt. One mistake and the court rejects them and you start over.
A lot of people start trying to do it themselves, get frustrated after a couple weeks of trying to figure out what a "property settlement agreement" needs to include, and end up hiring a lawyer anyway. Now they've wasted two weeks and they're paying the lawyer to fix the forms they already messed up.
Using Divorce.com (The Middle Ground)
This is what Divorce.com is for. You pay a flat fee—$500-$800 depending on which package you pick. They walk you through the Iowa forms in plain English. They make sure everything's filled out right. They tell you where to file and how to serve your spouse.
Total cost with Divorce.com:
Divorce.com fee: $500-$800
Court filing fee: $185
Process server: $40-$80
Total: $725-$1,065
Way cheaper than a lawyer. Way less frustrating than trying to figure it out yourself at midnight.
The catch? You and your spouse have to actually agree on everything. Property division. Debt. If you have kids, custody and support. All of it. Divorce.com isn't going to help you negotiate or fight. It's help with paperwork for people who've already worked everything out.
If you're fighting about who gets the house in Marion or what the custody schedule should be, Divorce.com won't work. You need a lawyer or at least a mediator.
Lawyer Costs in Cedar Rapids (When You Need Professional Help)
Cedar Rapids divorce lawyers charge $200-$350 per hour. Downtown lawyers near the courthouse are usually $275-$350. Northeast or southwest side lawyers might be $200-$300.
You don't just pay the hourly rate. You pay a retainer upfront—usually $2,500-$7,500. That's money they put in a trust account and bill against.
Every single thing your lawyer does gets billed to that retainer:
Reading your emails: 15 minutes minimum ($50-$90 per email)
Phone calls: 15 minutes minimum ($50-$90 per call even if it's 5 minutes)
Court appearances: 4-5 hours including prep and travel time ($800-$1,750 per hearing)
Reviewing documents: $200-$350 per hour
Negotiations with other lawyer: $200-$350 per hour
The retainer runs out way faster than you think. Then you get a letter saying deposit more money or they stop working.
Uncontested Divorce With a Lawyer
If you agree on everything but you still hire a lawyer to handle it: $2,500-$8,000 total.
This is honestly wasteful if you actually agree. You're paying someone $300 an hour to file paperwork. But some people want the peace of mind or they're scared of messing up the forms.
Contested Divorce (Fighting About Stuff)
This is where most Cedar Rapids divorces end up. You agree on most things but you're fighting about the house, custody schedule, alimony, or how to divide property.
Cost: $8,000-$30,000 per person
Here's what you're paying for:
Initial retainer and ongoing fees: $3,500-$12,000
Discovery (requesting financial documents, depositions): $2,000-$8,000
Court hearings and motions: $1,500-$6,000
Trial preparation if it goes that far: $3,000-$12,000
Expert witnesses if needed (appraisers, custody evaluators): $2,000-$8,000
Every time your spouse's lawyer sends a letter, your lawyer responds. That's billing. Every time there's a disagreement that requires a court filing, that's billing. It adds up fast.
High-Conflict Divorce (Full Battle Mode)
Major custody fight. One spouse hiding assets. Multiple court appearances. Going to trial.
Cost: $35,000-$80,000+ per person
I'm not exaggerating. I know people in Cedar Rapids who spent over $60,000 on their divorce.
At this level you're paying for:
Extensive discovery and depositions: $8,000-$20,000
Multiple court appearances: $4,000-$15,000
Private investigators if needed: $2,000-$6,000
Custody evaluators: $4,000-$12,000
Expert witnesses (forensic accountants, property appraisers): $6,000-$20,000
Trial preparation and trial: $15,000-$35,000+
Going to trial is where costs explode. Your lawyer bills for every hour of prep. Every day in court. At $300-$350 an hour, that's devastating.
Mediation Costs (The Cheaper Alternative)
Mediation is where you and your spouse sit with a neutral mediator who helps you work through disagreements.
Mediators in Cedar Rapids charge $150-$300 per hour. You split the cost. So you're each paying $75-$150 per hour.
Most divorces take 4-6 mediation sessions to work through everything. Call it 12-18 hours total.
Total mediation cost: $1,800-$5,400 split between you
So you're each paying $900-$2,700 for mediation.
Then you still need to file the paperwork. You can do it yourself, use Divorce.com, or hire a lawyer just to file what you agreed to in mediation.
Total cost per person with mediation:
Mediation: $900-$2,700
Filing the paperwork: $400-$1,500
Total: $1,300-$4,200 per person
Way cheaper than fighting with lawyers. But mediation only works if both people actually want to reach an agreement.
What Makes Cedar Rapids Divorces Expensive
Kids and custody. If you can't agree on custody, costs skyrocket. Custody evaluators in Linn County run $4,000-$12,000. Fighting over custody in court can go on for years.
Real estate. If you own a house in Marion, Hiawatha, or one of the Cedar Rapids neighborhoods, figuring out how to divide it gets complicated.
Business ownership. Cedar Rapids has a lot of small business owners. Valuing and dividing a business requires forensic accountants. That's $4,000-$12,000 right there.
Retirement accounts. 401ks, pensions, especially if one spouse worked at Rockwell Collins or another big Cedar Rapids employer—these need special court orders (QDROs) to divide without tax penalties.
Hidden assets. If you think your spouse is hiding money, your lawyer has to do discovery. Subpoena records. This costs thousands.
Alimony fights. Iowa calls it alimony, not spousal support or maintenance. If there's a big income gap, alimony becomes a battle.
Bad lawyers. Some lawyers love to fight because fighting means billing hours.
Your spouse being difficult. If your spouse wants to fight about everything because they're angry, you're stuck paying your lawyer to respond to every motion.
Real Cedar Rapids Examples
Mike and Sarah (not real names): Married 6 years. No kids. Rented in Marion. Some savings. Agreed on everything. Used Divorce.com. Total per person: $542.50 ($500 Divorce.com, $92.50 filing fee each).
Tom and Lisa: Married 10 years. Two kids. Owned a house in Hiawatha. Both worked, similar incomes. Couldn't agree on custody schedule. Did mediation—five sessions. Worked it out. Both hired lawyers just to finalize. Each spent about $6,000 ($1,600 mediation, $4,400 lawyers).
David and Jennifer: Married 15 years. Three kids. David owned a business. Jennifer stayed home. Fought over custody, alimony, business value, everything. Went to trial. David spent $58,000. Jennifer spent $47,000. They spent more on lawyers than the business was worth.
Can You Get a "Cheap" Divorce in Cedar Rapids?
Depends what you mean by cheap.
If you both agree on everything and do it yourself: $240-$305 total. That's cheap.
If you both agree and use Divorce.com: $725-$1,065 total. Still cheap.
If you need lawyers because you can't agree: No, it's not going to be cheap. Plan on $8k-$20k per person for a contested divorce in Cedar Rapids.
How to Keep Costs Down
Agree on as much as possible before lawyers get involved.
Don't email your lawyer constantly. They bill for every email.
Organize documents yourself. Don't pay your lawyer $300/hour to sort bank statements.
Pick your battles. Is it worth $1,500 to fight over the $300 item?
Respond quickly to requests.
Try mediation first.
Be honest about your budget.
When Cost Doesn't Matter (You Need to Pay It)
Sometimes you don't have a choice.
If your spouse is hiding assets, spending $10k on a lawyer who finds it might save you $50k.
If your spouse is fighting you for custody and lying, you need a good lawyer. Your kids are worth it.
If you have a business worth six figures, you need a lawyer who knows business valuation.
If there's domestic violence, you need a lawyer now.
Don't cheap out when it matters.
The Bottom Line
Most people in Cedar Rapids can get divorced for $725-$1,065 if they actually agree and use Divorce.com.
Most people end up spending $5,000-$20,000 per person because they can't agree on everything.
Some people spend $35,000-$80,000+ because they're in full battle mode.
The biggest factor is whether you fight or agree. Everything else is details.
You'll figure it out. Everyone does.
Upfront pricing at a fraction of the cost of traditional divorce
Divorce doesn’t have to cost as much as a car.
Real Answers. Real Support.
We're here to guide you through every step of divorce — whether you're just starting to explore your options or ready to take the next step. Our blog offers expert insights, practical tips, and real-life stories to help you move forward with clarity and confidence.
Our Services
Paperwork Only
Basic access to divorce paperwork where you handle the rigorous filing process with the court.
POPULAR
We File For You
Our most popular package includes a dedicated case manager, automated court filing, spouse signature collection, and personalized documentation.

Fully Guided
Complete divorce support including mediation sessions, dedicated case management, court filing, and personalized documentation.
We've helped with
over 1 million divorces
We provide everything you need to get divorced — from conflict resolution to filing support and access to divorce experts — in one comprehensive, convenient online platform.
The team at divorce.com was responsive and helpful during a difficult process. I would highly recommend the site for uncomplicated, amicable divorces!!
Jen B.
I came across this online. So I checked on it. It was easy and affordable. I wish I would have found this years ago.
Brandy D.
I was able to read it easily. Thanks God for this service. I will recommend it to anyone who asks this is a very easy step to do. I love it please try it you won't be disappointed
Dianna R.
Great customer service. Questions were easy to answer and had descriptions to understand the questions.
Andelain R.
Proudly featured in these publications








